Adventure Tour India

Religions in Himalayas

The people living in the inner dry valleys of Garhwal are mainly Hindus, although followers of other religions such as Buddhism and Christianity are also present.

These people worship the local or village deity along with Durga and Shiva. They celebrate all religious occasions that are followed by Hindus living in other parts of India. The population living in this region is also superstitious and has a firm belief in spirits and other supernatural powers.

Gods and Goddesses
Nanda Devi is the patron Goddess of both Kumaon and Garhwal. Known since ancient times as Uttarakhand, the combined terrain between Nepal's western border and the Tons River has featured prominently in the Puranas (Hindu scriptures) as the playground of the gods. Her idols are worshipped in villages and taken out in large processions during certain parts of the year. Also, there are many other gods and goddesses worshipped in different villages. Almost all hill provinces claim to be "dev bhumi" -- the land sacred to the deities of Hinduism. But Garhwal is the only region that can truly claim to be so. One reason is that Garhwal possesses the "char dham", the quartet of sacred Himalayan shrines. Moreover, the sacred Ganga river flows exclusively through Garhwal before descending to the plains.

The Nepalese community, which repesents over two-thirds of thepopulation, follow Hinduism. The Lepchas continue to have theirtraditional beliefs. They have faith in spirits and in theshamans who cure illnesses and preside over ceremonies duringbirth, marriage and death. The Bhutias practise Buddhism andwere responsible for converting the Lepchas to MahayanaBuddhism.

Buddhism was introduced in Sikkim primarily due to a strifeamong the Buddhists of Tibet in the 15th and 16th centuries.The root of this strife was the reformation brought about inTibetan Buddhism by Dipankar Srijana or "Atisha". He was anIndian monk who visited Tibet in the 10th century. He led amissionary journey in 1042 and preached celibacy and moralabstinence and opposed the tantric arts.

The Gelugpa or thereformed order, headed by the Dalai Lama, originated duringthis period of time. The unreformed or the old order was theNyingmapa, whose source of inspiration were the great mysticyogis of the time. The Nyingmapa trace their origins to thegreat yogi Milarepa. They resisted the reform of the Gelugpaand maintained their beliefs in the tantric practises.

The gap between the followers of the two sects deepened. Intime, the Gelugpa sect, headed by the Dalai Lama, became theprominent influence in Tibet, while the Nyingmapa sought refugein Sikkim.

The major festival in Sikkim is the Phanglhapsol festival. Onthis occasion, masked dances are performed by the people inhonour of Kanchenjunga, the presiding deity and the mountain.This festival lasts for two days.

The Namgyal Institute of Tibetology in the region has afantastic collection of Tibetan books -- the largest in thispart of the world. Most of the Buddhist monasteries are bigrepositories of artifacts, wall paintings, tankas (religiouspaintings) and bronze images.